UNIT 1 - Using ICT in Developing Mathematical Skills

What is ICT?

    According to UNESCO Institue of Statistics (2009), Information and Communication technology (ICT) refers to all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions.

    In its most basic form, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) refers to a set of technologies that facilitate communication. ICT is frequently used to describe the convergence of multiple technologies, as well as the use of common transmission lines and communication formats to transfer various data types (Market Prospects, 2022).

What are the different types of ICT?

    As stated by Lou and Lei (2012), ICT may be mobile, educational network, web-based or classroom   equipment.

1. Mobile

• Mobile devices or technologies used for educational purposes that support different aspect of instruction or make new educational activities available.

Example of mobile types of ICT are smartphones, PDA, GPS for augmented reality games, interactive response pads, Android mobile Apps, etc.

2. Educational Network

• Online learning platforms that connect learners using social networking technologies, exhibiting similar functions to sites like Facebook or MySpace.

Example of educational network types of ICT are Ning, Classroom 2.0, Elgg, Edmodo, Google Classroom, and many more.

3. Web-based

• A set of online application or services that expand learners’ abilities to interact and collaborate with each other in the process of searching, receiving, organizing, and generating educational content.

Example of web-based types of ICT are Wiki, blog, podcasts, social bookmarkings, Brainly, Tiktok, Minecraft: Education Edition, and the like.

4. Classroom Equipment

• Devices that are used in traditional classroom to facilitate the interaction between teachers and students in different class activities.

Example of classroom equipment types of ICT are computer, projector, kiosk, interactive whiteboard, touch-screen computer, multifunctional printer, etc.

    Erben et. al. (2009) also stressed out that ICT tools can be classified according to their functions.

1. E-creation Tools

• These enable learners to be creative. They involve playing with and using language to create, explore, and discover while producing content and learning performances that can be measured.

Example of e-creation tools are SPSS, camera, Mathematica, Geogebra, graphical applications, moviemakers, audio makers, web publishing, word package, exercise creating tools, podcasting, presentations software, and the like.

2. E-communication Tools

• Software that promote communication among students and teachers

May be divided into two kinds of tools:

a. Software that allow for in real time interaction (i.e. synchronous) 

Example of this type of e-communication tools are a board meeting, voice conferencing, telephone conversations, and instant messaging.

b. Software that occur with a time delay (i.e. asynchronous)

Some examples of this type of e-communication tools are email, group message on Messenger, text messages transmitted over cell phones, discussion boards, discussion forum, and chat room. 

3. Reading/ Writing-Facilitative e-Tools

• These can facilitate and boost teaching and learning of writing, reading, and analytical skills. They can be also used to create digital material or portfolios online are spaces where learners work in collaborative projects. They can also be used for professional development or to summarize learners’ work.

Example of reading/writing-facilitative e-tools are online boards, online journals, blogs, wikis, e-books, blogger, wikispaces, Penzu, and the like.

4. Listening/ Speaking-Facilitative e-Tools

• The listening skill can be developed through ICT tools.

 

Example of listening/speaking-facilitative e-tools are video and audio files, podcasts (syndicated audio files), vodcasts (syndicated video files), audio/video sharing libraries like YouTube, etc.

5. E-assessment Tools

• These ICT can be used to archive learners’ evidence of accomplishment of curricula objective put in form of performance, project, or portfolio , can be used at a later date with other pieces of learning evidence as a compilation of proof to demonstrate achievement.

Example of e-assessment tools are Blogger, e-portfolio, vlog, quizzizz, google forms, and others.

6. Virtual Learning Environments

• These are Web-based platforms that allow teachers and learners to manage and organize their work electronically. VLEs reduce the social distance between all participants.

Example of virtual learning environments are Google Classroom, Edmodo, WizIQ, and Zoom.

ICT and its Role in Mathematics

    In the last two decades, the role of ICT in the mathematics classroom has grown. Mathematics is a scientific discipline that deals with numbers, shapes, quantity, and structure. It is a life skill that is better understood through application.

    In our school systems, the use of ICT tools such as computers, the internet, overhead projectors, slide projectors, A-V materials, hand held calculators, printed materials, and video recorders has greatly improved mathematics teaching and learning.

The Role of ICT in Mathematics Teaching and Learning Process

    As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) become more integrated into our daily lives, it has been recognized as a critical key and means to solve social problems and foster critical thinking. ICT provides exciting and effective opportunities for teachers and students to learn and achieve the twin goals of mathematics, Critical Thinking and Problem Solving.

    MATHED and SEI-DOST (2010) prepared a framework containing five areas in the curriculum: Numbers and Number Sense, Measurement, Geometry, Patterns and Algebra, and Probability and Statistics.

    Problem Solving and Critical Thinking, as twin goals of mathematics, can be achieved with an organized and rigorous curriculum content, a well-defined set of high-level skills and processes, desirable values and attitudes, and appropriate tools, taking into account the different contexts of Filipino learners.

    The appropriate tools necessary in teaching mathematics include manipulative objects, measuring devices, calculators and computers, smart phones and tablet PCs, and the Internet.

    The integration of technology into learning environments and teaching contexts can be designed considering that:

• ICT-integrated learning concerns all contexts and environments where technology plays a crucial role in making learning more engaging, effective, and efficient (Goodyear and Retalis, 2010).
• In designing ICT-integrated K-12 classrooms, one should consider the school status and policies in ICT education, infrastructure and technical challenges, pedagogical methods, and educational resources.

Mathematics is a subject that is present in every age and circumstance. Its importance extends beyond the classroom and the school. Mathematics as a school subject must be studied thoroughly and comprehensively. Integrating ICT in mathematics teaching provides mathematics teachers with methods that motivate students to learn, support their independent learning and active participation in the discovery of mathematical concepts and topics, and, as a result, assist them in having a deeper understanding of the mathematical ideas. Thus, helps students have better achievement in mathematics.

Can K-12 Curriculum Competencies be Taught Using ICT?

Using the Grade 10 Math Curriculum Guide, I indicated my thoughts and the ICT tools to use in the different competencies found in the Grade 10 Curriculum - Patterns and Algebra.

Indicators:

• One asterisk (*) if learning can be never be enhanced with ICT 
• Two (**) if learning can be enhanced with ICT integration 
• Three asterisks (***) if the competency can be best learned with ICT

GRADE 10 – Patterns and Algebra
Competencies	Perceived effect	ICT tool to be used
generates patterns.	***	PowerPoint, YouTube, GeoGebra
illustrates an arithmetic sequence	**	PowerPoint, MS Word Equations and Symbols
determines arithmetic means and nth term of an arithmetic sequence.	***	PowerPoint, YouTube, Interactive Whiteboard
finds the sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence.	***	PowerPoint, YouTube, MS Word Equations and Symbols
illustrates a geometric sequence.	**	PowerPoint, GeoGebra, MS Word Equations and Symbols
differentiates a geometric sequence     from an arithmetic sequence.	**	PowerPoint, GeoGebra,
differentiates a finite geometric sequence from an infinite geometric    sequence.	**	PowerPoint, YouTube,
determines geometric means and nth        term of a geometric sequence.	***	PowerPoint, YouTube, GeoGebra, MS Word Equations and Symbols
finds the sum of the terms of a given  finite or infinite geometric sequence.	***	GeoGebra, Interactive Whiteboard
illustrates other types of sequences  (e.g., harmonic, Fibonacci).	**	YouTube
solves problems involving sequences.	**	YouTube
performs division of polynomials using long division and synthetic division.	**	Interactive Whiteboard
proves the Remainder Theorem and  the Factor Theorem.	**	PowerPoint, YouTube, Khan Academy
factors polynomials.	**	PowerPoint, GeoGebra
illustrates polynomial equations.	**	PowerPoint
proves Rational Root Theorem.	**	PowerPoint, YouTube, Khan Academy
solves polynomial equations.	**	Symbolab, PowerPoint, GeoGebra, MS Word Equations and Symbols
solves problems involving polynomials  and polynomial equations.	**	PowerPoint, GeoGebra, MS Word Equations and Symbols

Tutorial Video on How to Make Math Tutorial Group in Facebook

Math tutoring is important as it allows students to develop a variety of critical thinking, analytical, and communication skills; effective teamwork; appreciation and respect for other people's points of view, techniques, and problem-solving methods, all of which promote active learning and improve student learning. That's why I will walk you through how to create a math tutorial group in FB for us to collaborate with other people!

Graphical Visualization of Tangent Line Using GeoGebra

GeoGebra is a useful application for improving and enriching mathematics teaching and learning by allowing students to visualize mathematical concepts, which is extremely useful for mathematical experiments and discoveries at all educational levels, from elementary school to university (Dahal et al., 2022). Here's my attempt at visualizing tangent lines with GeoGebra.

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